Introduce Science Vocabulary with Creative and Engaging Activities

In science class, students need to understand lots of unfamiliar vocabulary words that may leave them feeling confused. Introducing some of these words at the beginning of a unit can help your students’ comprehension of the material and boost their confidence. Through playing games, asking students to illustrate new words, and having students find connections between different terms, you can help your students feel more comfortable with new scientific terms. 

One vocabulary game that my students enjoyed is charades. It plays on different intelligences than other science activities, so in addition to teaching science vocabulary, the game motivates some students who might be less engaged with other approaches. Another game we played is similar to charades but involves drawing rather than acting. An earlier blogpost I wrote has more details on these games:

Low-Prep Games for Teaching Vocabulary

After reviewing new vocabulary words, you can ask students to illustrate the words in some way. By doing this, you can create a colorful display of student work that also serves to remind students of the meaning of challenging science vocabulary. Here is a link to a blogpost that explains more about illustrating words related to plant cell organelles:

Illustrating Science Vocabulary: Plant Cell Organelles

Hexagonal thinking is an approach to teaching new terms that was created by Betsy Potash. Her lessons mostly center around language arts, but this technique can also be applied to teaching vocabulary in other subjects, including science. Hexagonal thinking involves working in a group to discuss how words in a list relate to one another. Of course, in order to discover connections between the words, students need to understand the definitions of these words. Hexagonal thinking can be used to introduce a unit or to provide a summary after a topic has been covered. To learn more about hexagonal thinking, you can read this blogpost:

Hexagonal Thinking:

Connections and Discussion in Science Class

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Hexagonal Thinking: Connections and Discussion in Science Class

I first heard about hexagonal thinking when schools were closed due to the COVID pandemic, and I was looking for fresh ways of engaging students while teaching online- quite the challenge! Betsy Potash's interview on The Cult of Pedagogy Podcast caught my attention. She described her hexagonal thinking activities in which groups of students work together to find connections between different terms related to a central topic. While teaching virtually, I tried using hexagonal thinking to facilitate small-group discussions on the concept of evolution and natural selection. Its success lead me to continue using hexagonal thinking when our school reopened.

Using a hexagonal thinking activity at the end of a unit helps students pull all the ideas together and solidify their knowledge. The social aspect of the activity is another plus as students share their understanding of concepts with peers and learn from one another.

Students can engage in hexagonal thinking discussions using digital or print resources, which Betsy Potash offers for free on her website. I customized her resources for an end-of-unit discussion on evolution and natural selection that addressed these Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): MS-LS1-4, MS-LS3-1, MS-LS4-4, and MS-LS4-6.

The goal of a hexagonal thinking discussion is for students to find connections between given terms, and to indicate these connections by placing hexagons with the terms beside one another. Betsy Potash's template allows you to fill in the terms you would like students to use for the activity. 

On her website, Betsy Potash gives an example of how to use hexagonal thinking to discuss climate change. I chose to use seven hexagons and the following terms for discussions on evolution and natural selection:

• Natural Selection

• Mutations

• Biodiversity

• Survival of the Fittest

• Inheritance of Traits

• Genes

• Variation

• Evolution

This image shows a slide from the template after I customized it:

In small groups, students discussed how to place the terms on the hexagons such that the terms on hexagons with connected sides related to one another. They then chose five of these connections to explain in writing. With seven available hexagons and eight terms, students were able to choose one term to leave out. 

I simplified the activity a bit by not using the arrows provided in the template. The arrows can be used by students to indicate which connections they will write about. Instead, I asked students to name the terms before describing the reasoning behind their decision to connect them.

As I circled around and observed student groups at work, I noticed how students assisted one another with remembering the meanings of terms. As they discussed which terms to connect, they reviewed much of the content of the unit and deepened their understanding.

My students used a digital version of the activity. I found it helpful to give direct instruction on how to drag and drop the terms using their Chromebook, and I included detailed directions for this on the slideshow. It was a little tricky for students at first, but everyone got the hand of it with practice.

Once students had completed the activity, I asked them to write both a self reflection and a group reflection to consider how they participated individually and how the group worked together. Announcing this at the beginning of the activity made expectations clear and helped students be mindful of their participation.

I found hexagonal thinking to be a great way for students to pull multiple ideas together and share their understanding with classmates at the end of a unit. 

If you are interested in learning more about hexagonal thinking, you can check out Betsy Potash's website, Spark Creativity, where she offers a free template for hexagonal thinking activities:

Spark Creativity

Here is a link to Betsy Potash's interview on The Cult of Pedagogy Podcast:

Betsy Potash Interview on Cult of Pedagogy  

Betsy Potash explains how to use hexagonal thinking in this short Edutopia video:

Using Hexagons to Build Critical Thinking Skills

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Illustrating Science Vocabulary: Plant Cell Organelles

Understanding science vocabulary can be very challenging for students. When they create simple drawings for new terms, students get familiar with the vocabulary in an enjoyable, low-stress way. I found that this activity works especially well when teaching about chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts, all organelles found in plant cells. Students are engaged when illustrating the words and have the chance to express their individual style. The result is an informative and colorful display of your students’ work in the classroom.

Before starting the activity, you can show students photos of the three types of plastids- chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts, discussing their function and where they are likely to be found in plants. 

Juan Carlos Fonseca Mata, CC BY-SA 4.0

<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis happens, and they are found in the leaves and other parts of the plant that are green. Chromoplasts give flowers and fruits their color. Students are interested to know that leucoplasts help provide some of their favorite foods as storage places for starch, fat, and protein. They are commonly found in potatoes and seeds, including beans and corn kernels. Thank leucoplasts for french fries, chips, and burritos!

Brainstorm with students how they might illustrate the words chloroplast, chromoplast, and leucoplast, writing ideas on the board for reference. 

Chloroplasts - green leaves, sunshine, water, and CO2

Chromoplasts - flowers, fruits

Leucoplasts - potatoes, french fries, beans, corn, burritos

Groups of three students get three strips of paper made by cutting 8 ½” by 11” printer paper into three parts lengthwise. 

Each student illustrates one of the three plastids so that all three plastids are completed by the group. I enjoy seeing the different styles students use in their work.

As students finish their work, they can help arrange the illustrations as a display on the wall. I found that putting each type of plastid illustration in a single column helps students more easily use them as a reference.

If you would like to learn about playing simple vocabulary-building games that draw on students' creativity, follow this link:

Low-Prep Games for Teaching Vocabulary

Here are links to other blogposts related to cell biology:

Personality Quiz with Plant Cell Parts

Cell City: Cell Organelles Project

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Low-Prep Games for Teaching Vocabulary

 

Many science topics contain lots of new terms that students need to learn. Students can benefit from engaging in activities that reinforce this vocabulary, and games are a fun approach. I started using games to teach vocabulary in language arts class with grades three to five, and I continued playing these games with students when I began teaching middle school science.

There are two simple games I have used that require little preparation and tap into students’ creativity. One is to play variations on charades. The other is to have a volunteer draw a vocabulary word on the board as the rest of the class guesses what it is. 

After distributing and reviewing a list of new vocabulary words, I introduce students to a game. I might have the class vote on either playing charades or drawing words on the board, but sometimes I simply use my best judgment knowing the interests and strengths of students in the class. 

If the class is playing some form of charades, I ask for a volunteer to act out a word of their choice. It has been my experience that the students with the best participation are frequently ones who exhibit attention-getting behaviors that may be distracting at other times. In a game like charades, this kind of energy is just what is needed! Other “stars” of charades are students who have strengths related to the performing arts or who have a great sense of humor.

The student volunteer silently points to a word of their choice on the vocabulary list. It must be one that has not been chosen before. As the volunteer silently acts out the word, I ask the rest of the class to hold off on guessing until the volunteer is done. The class can then raise their hands, and the volunteer acting out the word calls on students until the right answer is chosen. The student who answered correctly may either take a turn or choose the next volunteer to take a turn. One variation is to allow a student to take a buddy or two along to act out a word. Students often enjoy this!

If students are drawing the vocabulary words on the board, the steps are the same. A volunteer comes to the front of the class, chooses a word, and illustrates it on the board. Then the class guesses what it is. 
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A helpful addition I have made to both games happens at the end of the game once the word is guessed. I ask the student volunteers to explain how their actions or drawings illustrate the meaning of their chosen word. Before beginning the game, I also ask students to draw or act out the meaning of the vocabulary word rather than breaking the word into smaller parts as a strategy to help their peers guess it.

When students illustrate and dramatize vocabulary words, it engages strengths and intelligences that are not always apparent with other science assignments and activities. The games tap into students' creativity and encourage them to be playful in class. The fun spills over into other science activities and can lead to greater student buy-in when tackling more challenging assignments. Allowing students to play a little helps us all get to know each other better, too.

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